Abstract
The question as to which piezoelectric composition is favorable for energy harvesting has been addressed in the past few years. However, discussion on this topic continues. In this work, an answer is provided through a feasible method which can be used in selecting piezoelectric material. The energy harvesting behavior of hard (P4 and P8) and soft (P5 and P5H) lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics was investigated. The results show that the maximum piezoelectric voltage coefficient g33 and transduction coefficient d33 × g33 were obtained in P5 ceramic. Meanwhile, the power generation characteristics at low frequencies were compared by the vibration energy harvester with a cantilever beam structure. The results indicate that the energy harvester fabricated by the P5 ceramic with the maximum d33 × g33 values also demonstrated the best power generation characteristics. The results unambiguously demonstrate that the power density and energy conversion efficiency of the energy harvesting devices are dominated by the d33 × g33 value of the piezoelectric materials.
Highlights
With the development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technology, current power sources such as batteries have limitations in microelectronics due to their large volume, limited lifetime, etc. [1]
Priya et al [4] proposed that the key factor for the selection of a piezoelectric material for energy harvesting applications is the high energy density u, which can be calculated by the following formula:
The aim of this work is mainly to clarify whether a piezoelectric ceramic with high transduction coefficient (d × g) has excellent power generation performances
Summary
With the development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technology, current power sources such as batteries have limitations in microelectronics due to their large volume, limited lifetime, etc. [1]. There has been extensive interest in the concept of piezoelectric energy harvesting, which is a process of recycling ambient waste vibration energy and converting it into useable electricity [2]. This technology aims to eliminate the need for replacing chemical batteries or complex wiring in microsystems, moving us closer toward batteryless autonomous sensors systems and networks [3]. According to Equation (1), for a given material with fixed A and the same applied force, the piezoelectric materials with large transduction coefficient (d × g) will generate high energy density. There is still no direct experimental evidence to clarify the relationship between the d × g value of materials and the power generation characteristic of energy harvesters
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