Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil de enfermeiros e a frequência de ocorrência de fatores de risco de sofrimento moral. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado com 268 enfermeiros assistenciais, atuantes no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), em de instituições hospitalares e unidades de saúde de atenção primária, durante os meses de março e julho de 2016. A coleta de dados foi online, através da ferramenta GoogleDocs. Foram utilizadas uma escala de risco de sofrimento moral e um conjunto de variáveis para caracterização do participante e do seu contexto de trabalho. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída, sobretudo, por mulheres, jovens, que mantinham um vínculo empregatício, trabalhavam entre 36h e 40h por semana, com renda mensal média entre cinco e sete salários mínimos e cerca de dez anos de experiência na enfermagem. O risco de sofrimento moral foi considerado moderado, com um considerável percentual de profissionais demonstrando intenção de abandonar o emprego atual. Conclusão: o sofrimento moral é uma realidade vivenciada pelos enfermeiros investigados, sendo a identificação dos fatores de risco uma das ferramentas no processo de construção de estratégias de enfrentamento.
Highlights
Work aspects specific to nursing, especially those related to the moral commitment of the nurse, when conflicting with working conditions, may contribute to a greater risk of events that generate moral psychological problems for these professionals, such as moral distress.[1]
Moral distress was described for the first time in 1984 as distress resulting from the difficulty in carrying out an action considered morally appropriate due to restrictions or obstacles, institutional in nature.[2]
There were approximately 22,377 active professional nurses enrolled in the Regional Nursing Council of Rio Grande do Sul (COREN-RS) by the first half of 2016.* All nurses working in hospitals or in primary health care units were included in the study and those who practiced exclusively in the areas of teaching and research were excluded
Summary
Work aspects specific to nursing, especially those related to the moral commitment of the nurse, when conflicting with working conditions, may contribute to a greater risk of events that generate moral psychological problems for these professionals, such as moral distress.[1] In the nursing profession, moral distress was described for the first time in 1984 as distress resulting from the difficulty in carrying out an action considered morally appropriate due to restrictions or obstacles, institutional in nature.[2]. Moral distress is considered a psychological, emotional and physiological distress, that nurses can experience when, limited by circumstances, participate in actions perceived to be incorrect, either by participating or refusing to participate.[3]. It’s usually associated with barriers that are experienced in the context of nursing work or activities. These barriers are mainly connected to issues related to end-of-life care, limited resources, work overload, personal/professional conflicts, and lack of autonomy. It is common to see organizational consequences, such as increased staff turnover, absenteeism and requests for dismissal, as well as potential interference with patient outcomes and quality of care. 5
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