Sodium Transporters in Human Health and Disease.

Kenneth B Gagnon,Eric Delpire

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.588664

Abstract

Sodium (Na+) electrochemical gradients established by Na+/K+ ATPase activity drives the transport of ions, minerals, and sugars in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Na+-dependent transporters can move these solutes in the same direction (cotransport) or in opposite directions (exchanger) across both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of polarized epithelia. In addition to maintaining physiological homeostasis of these solutes, increases and decreases in sodium may also initiate, directly or indirectly, signaling cascades that regulate a variety of intracellular post-translational events. In this review, we will describe how the Na+/K+ ATPase maintains a Na+ gradient utilized by multiple sodium-dependent transport mechanisms to regulate glucose uptake, excitatory neurotransmitters, calcium signaling, acid-base balance, salt-wasting disorders, fluid volume, and magnesium transport. We will discuss how several Na+-dependent cotransporters and Na+-dependent exchangers have significant roles in human health and disease. Finally, we will discuss how each of these Na+-dependent transport mechanisms have either been shown or have the potential to use Na+ in a secondary role as a signaling molecule.

Highlights

During the 1962 America’s cup, President John F
The cotransporter is expressed in the stria vascularis (Crouch et al, 1997; Delpire et al, 1999), a multi-layer epithelium secreting K+. As it is the case for Cl− secretion, NKCC1 on the basal side of stria vascularis epithelial cells replenish K+ as it is transported in the endolymphatic cavity by K+ channels formed by both KCNQ1 + KCNE1 subunits (Hibino et al, 2004; Rivas and Francis, 2005)
Adhesion of these migrating cells to the extracellular matrix is dependent on the extracellular pH (Lehenkari and Horton, 1999; Eble and Tuckwell, 2003; Patel and Barber, 2005; Krähling et al, 2009; Paradise et al, 2011). These studies suggest that Na+ likely has an indirect role in cell migration as the activity of NHE1 more likely contributes to the extracellular pH microenvironment

Summary

Sodium Transporters in Human Health and Disease

Reviewed by: Baruch Kanner, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Richard Naftalin, King’s College London, United Kingdom. Na+-dependent transporters can move these solutes in the same direction (cotransport) or in opposite directions (exchanger) across both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of polarized epithelia. In addition to maintaining physiological homeostasis of these solutes, increases and decreases in sodium may initiate, directly or indirectly, signaling cascades that regulate a variety of intracellular post-translational events. We will describe how the Na+/K+ ATPase maintains a Na+ gradient utilized by multiple sodium-dependent transport mechanisms to regulate glucose uptake, excitatory neurotransmitters, calcium signaling, acid-base balance, saltwasting disorders, fluid volume, and magnesium transport. We will discuss how several Na+-dependent cotransporters and Na+-dependent exchangers have significant roles in human health and disease. We will discuss how each of these Na+-dependent transport mechanisms have either been shown or have the potential to use Na+ in a secondary role as a signaling molecule

INTRODUCTION

NME SCN AR

CELL MOTILITY

Findings

CONCLUSION