Sodium tanshinone iia sulfonate attenuates seawater aspiration–induced acute pulmonary edema by up-regulating Na+,K+-ATPase activity

Abstract

ABSTRACTRelieving pulmonary edema is the key of a successful treatment to seawater drowning. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has been observed to reduce lung edema from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. In this study the authors investigated whether STS attenuates seawater aspiration–induced acute pulmonary edema, and examined the effects of sodium-potassium adensosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) on it. Seawater was instilled through an endotracheal tube. The anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats received STS intraperitoneally after seawater aspiration. Pao2, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and pulmonary microvascular permeability were tested. The authors explored the effects of STS on the expression and activity of Na+,K+-ATPase in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the authors investigated the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in the stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase by STS. The results showed that STS significantly improved hypoxemia, attenuated lung edema, and alleviated seawater-induced lung injury in vivo. Both in vivo and in vitro, it was observed that STS up-regulated the expression and activity of Na+,K+-ATPase. ERK1/2 inhibitor partially blocked the effects of STS on Na+,K+-ATPase activity in alveolar type II cells following seawater incubation. These results indicated that STS could improve seawater aspiration–induced acute pulmonary edema by up-regulating Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in it.