Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most common mycotoxin in human food and animal feed, produces hepatotoxic, genotoxic and immunosuppressive effects in multiple species. Selenium (Se) has emerged as an important element in the dietary prevention of various toxic agents. The present study was designed to scrutinize the protective effects of sodium selenite on the histological lesions and suppression of mucosal humoral response in the cecal tonsil generated by AFB1. A total of 156 one-day-old broilers were divided into four groups and fed on basal diet (control group), 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 (AFB1 group), 0.4 mg/kg Se supplement (+Se group), and 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.4 mg/kg Se supplement (AFB1+Se group) respectively for 21 days. Our results showed that 0.4 mg/kg Se supplement in broiler's diets could improve the AFB1-induced histological lesions in the cecal tonsils including the depletion of lymphocytes in the lymphatic nodules as well as the shedding of microvilli in the absorptive cells. Moreover, Se could restore the decreased number of IgA+ cells and expression levels of pIgR, IgA, IgG, and IgM mRNA induced by AFB1 to be close to those in the control group. These results demonstrated that 0.4 mg/kg supplemented dietary Se in the form of sodium selenite could protect the cecal tonsils from the histological lesions and suppression of the mucosal humoral response provoked by 0.6 mg/kg AFB1. Our study may provide new experimental evidences for better understanding of AFB1-induced damage of mucosal immunity and protective effect of Se against this toxin.
Highlights
Aflatoxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and found in various agricultural commodities and many food products [1]
Our results showed that 0.4 mg/ kg Se supplement in broiler’s diets could improve the Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced histological lesions in the cecal tonsils including the depletion of lymphocytes in the lymphatic nodules as well as the shedding of microvilli in the absorptive cells
The depletion of lymphocytes and presence of many vacuoles were visible in the lymphatic nodules in the AFB1 group, and no histological changes were observed in these places in the other three groups (Figure 2)
Summary
Aflatoxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and found in various agricultural commodities and many food products [1]. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most abundant toxic metabolite and a well-known global carcinogen, causing mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive effects on human and multiple animal species [2]. AFB1 may interfere with the normal process of protein synthesis as well as inhibition of several metabolic systems causing damages to various organs [3, 4]. The immunotoxic effects induced by AFB1 have been well documented in the literature, including innate immunity, cell-mediated and humoral response [1, 6, 7]. AFB1 has been shown to inhibit the development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius [8, 9], to depress the mitosis of www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget
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