Abstract
Gymnemic acids (a group of triterpenoid saponins) found in Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. works as the main hypoglycaemic active components. These can be the potential active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to be used by pharmaceutical industries in modern medicines against diabetes. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment for enhancement of cell suspension culture biomass and to quantify the production of deacylgymnemic acid, gymnemagenin, gymnemic acid IV and gymnemic acid XVII contents. Callus was obtained from in vitro derived leaves of G. sylvestre on MS medium fortified with 3.0 mg/L 2, 4-d (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 1.0 mg/L Kn (Kinetin), and the same were used further to produce cell suspension cultures. Cell suspensions were exposed to different concentrations of SNP (5, 10, 20 and 40 μM) and data were collected at 20, 30 and 40 days. Out of the tested concentrations, 20 μM SNP had the highest level of cell culture growth (398.94 ± 8.32 g/L Fresh cell weight (FCW) and 40.00 ± 0.75 g/L Dry cell weight (DCW) on 40-day as compared to control (MS with 3.0 mg/L 2, 4-d + 1.0 mg/L Kn). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that maximum accumulation of deacylgymnemic acid (5.51 mg/g DCW), gymnemagenin (2.80 mg/g DCW) and gymnemic acid XVII (2.08 mg/g DCW) in 20 μM SNP treatment which is (13.43, 13.86 and17.33 folds) higher than the respective control at 40 days exposure. This research suggests that G. sylvestre cell suspension culture with optimal SNP elicitation treatment could be used as a good strategy for the large-scale production of these secondary metabolites at the industrial level. This research suggests that Gymnema sylvestre cell suspension culture with SNP elicitation treatment could be used as a good strategy for the large-scale production of these secondary metabolites at the industrial level.
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