Abstract
BackgroundSodium intake is associated with anthropometric measurement including weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). Higher intake of sodium is usually linked to higher risk of obesity among adults globally, especially in developing countries. This study aims to explore the probable relationship between sodium intake by 24-h urine excretion assessment and anthropometric measurement of adults in Malaysia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018 using a multi-stage stratified sampling method among Malaysian adults aged 18 years old and above. Sodium intake was determined by 24-h urinary sodium excretion, estimated from the respondents’ 24-h urinary sample. Height was obtained based on standard protocol. Weight and WC were measured twice using validated anthropometric equipment and BMI was calculated according to World Health Organization (WHO) 1998 classification. Descriptive analysis was done to describe socio-demographic characteristics. A simple linear regression and multiple linear regression tests were done to assess the relationship of 24-h urinary excretion and anthropometric measurement. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0.ResultsOf 1047 interviewed respondents, 798 respondents had done the 24-h urine collection (76.0% response rate). Majority was between 40 and 59 years old (43.5%) and married (77.7%). Simple linear regression showed a significant positive linear association between 24-h urinary excretion and household income, WC, and obese group. In the multivariate analysis, it was indicated that, an increase of 1 unit of BMI will significantly increase the sodium intake by 129.20 mg/dl and an increase of 1 cm of WC will significantly increase the sodium intake by 376.45 mg/dl.ConclusionOur study showed a positive significant relationship between sodium intake estimated by 24-h urinary sodium excretion and BMI of Malaysian adults. More research is suggested on how sodium control can potentially contribute to obesity prevention.
Highlights
Sodium intake is associated with anthropometric measurement including weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI)
Studies have found that sodium intake is associated with body weight and increased body mass index (BMI) [2]
This study aims to explore the possible relationship between sodium intake estimated from 24-h urinary excretion and anthropometric measurements in Malaysian adults
Summary
Sodium intake is associated with anthropometric measurement including weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). One of the growing public health concerns worldwide is obesity. This is a state of excessive body fat accumulation [1]. Studies have found that sodium intake is associated with body weight and increased body mass index (BMI) [2]. Based on a study carried out in Denmark, it reported an association between body fat mass and sodium intake [3]. Several other local and international studies reported the relationship of increased sodium intake with risk of hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity [4,5,6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
