Abstract
The soy protein isolate (SPI), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and pentaerythritol glycidyl ether (PEGE) were used to make biodegradable films in this study. Unlike the usual method that adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) during the SPI-based film casting, SDBS was used as a surfactant playing the similar role as NaOH. Since NaOH is a chemical with corrosiveness and toxicity, the replacing of NaOH by SDBS might reduce the hazard threat during the utilization of SPI-based films in food packing application. Furthermore, the presentation of SDBS helped dispersing the hydrophobic PEGE into the hydrophilic SPI. PEGE is a crosslinking agent with multiple reactive epoxy groups. The chemical structures and micro morphologies of the fabricated films were investigated by means of FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The thermal stabilities of the films were examined by means of the thermo-gravimetric analysis. After the chemical crosslinking, the ultimate tensile strength of the film was significantly increased, meanwhile, the water absorption was dramatically decreased. It was concluded that the SPI-based film containing 4% PEGE achieved the optimal performance.
Highlights
Owing to the environmental concerns caused by the utilization of petroleum-derived synthetic polymers [1,2] and the disposal difficult materials [3,4], the products derived from renewable and sustainable resources are desired
The results showed that the 24-h water absorption of the soy protein isolate (SPI)/sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)/PEGE4% film was 96.9%, presenting a reduction of 50.2% compared with that of SPI/SDBS film (Table 5)
It was revealed that SDBS could excellently play the role as NaOH on casting the SPT-based films, which could remain the resultant films neutral, so that greatly benefiting to film applications
Summary
Owing to the environmental concerns caused by the utilization of petroleum-derived synthetic polymers [1,2] and the disposal difficult materials [3,4], the products derived from renewable and sustainable resources are desired. Many attempts have been conducted to improve the performances of films made from SPI [13], for instances, physically mixing with natural feedstocks, such as, guar gum [14], acacia gum [15], alginate [16], corn starch [17], cellulose nanocrystal [18], etc It could be modified by synthetic fillers, e.g., graphene [19], nanoclay [20], and carbon nanoparticles [21]; be treated by enzymes [22] and crosslinked by chemicals, e.g., dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose [23], methyl methacrylate [24], epoxy castor oil [25], catechol [26], and resorcinol [27]; and improve the processing methods, e.g., compression [28], extrusion [29], high-pressure homogenization [30], etc
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