SODIUM-GLUCOSE LINKED COTRANSPORTER 2 INHIBITOR: A NEW HORIZON IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE-2 DIABETES

Rekha Bisht

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i3.39667

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is a key therapeutic focus in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. The various therapeutic classes of antidiabetic drugs presently existing in the market are not sufficiently effective in maintaining long-term glycemic control in most of the diabetic patients, even when used in combination. The undesirable adverse effects of these drugs, such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, and hepatic and renal toxicity, have escalated the demand for the discovery of new and safer antidiabetic drugs. The progressive nature of T2D requires practitioners to periodically evaluate patients and intensify glucose-lowering treatment once glycemic targets are not attained. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-is) are the new class of antidiabetic medications that are approved (2013) by the Food and Drug Administration recently for treating diabetes. These inhibitors block the SGLT2 protein involved in glucose reabsorption from the proximal renal tubule resulting in escalated glucose excretion and lower blood glucose levels. These inhibitors exhibit favorable effects beyond glucose control, such as consistent body weight, blood pressure, and serum uric acid reductions. This review highlighted the brief updates of SGLT2-i, their benefits, and adverse effects.

Highlights

Diabetes is a complex and chronic disease that affected an estimated 29.1 million Americans in 2012 [1]
In the European Union (EU), oral dapagliflozin once daily is approved for use as monotherapy and as add-on combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) when diet and exercise alone do not provide adequate glycemic control [44]
Ertugliflozin is recommended as an adjunct to diet and exercise for glycemic control in adults (≥18 years of age) with T2D

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is a complex and chronic disease that affected an estimated 29.1 million Americans in 2012 [1]. Due to the intricacies of diabetes and the maintenance of the compliance of patients with diabetes [8], various oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) approved in DM combined with insulin such as metformin, sulfonylureas, a-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DDP-4 inhibitors), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and thiazolidinedione [9], some undesirable adverse effects caused by administrating these medications, including hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hepatic and renal toxicity, have escalated demand for the discovery of safer antidiabetic agents with new therapeutic mechanisms [8].

Results

Conclusion