Abstract
Sodium was incorporating at the copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C60 interface in CuPc/C60-based small-molecular solar cells to enhance their power conversion efficiency. C60 was deposited on slightly sodium-doped CuPc. Post-annealing improved the cell properties. Post-annealing doubled the conversion efficiency of the least sodium-doped devices (75°C, 40min). The electron/hole mobility ratio gradually approached unity as the annealing time increased, indicating that a reduction in the space charge accumulation was the main cause of the increase of the short-circuit current. The mechanism of enhancement of carrier transport by annealing was investigated by making capacitance–voltage measurements and performing corresponding depth-profile analyses.
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