Abstract
Sodium chloride poisoning has been suspected in Iraqi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of Basrah governorate, A study was conducted on 523 animals. All animals drank natural water from the Shatt al-Arab sources. Seventy-six animals show different clinical manifestations, and twelve clinically healthy animals were used as controls. Diseased buffalo exhibited different clinical manifestations. A significant increase in PCV with alterations in indices of clotting factors was also explored. Serum analysis demonstrated increase in serum sodium and chloride concentrations in diseased buffalo. However, water analysis revealed elevation of electrical conductivity, sodium, chloride and total dissolved solids in the drinking water of diseased buffalo. The macroscopic appearance of the carcasses showed congestion and slight edema of the brain tissues, Moreover, the histopathological examinations revealed, spongiform-like encephalopathy with severe congested blood vessels and neuro-vascular thrombus was detected.
Highlights
Water is considered an indispensable nutrient and, it is crucial for animals have access to a sufficient level of good quality water to sustain acceptable production(1)
In a very short time, Basrah city has been exposed to a severe fresh water shortage because of low river level, which allowed salt water intrusion that has caused in excess of 100% increased salinity of the Shatt Al-Arab in recent months, as total dissolved solids (TDS), which is a measure of water purity, rose dramatically from more than 1,000 to approximately 6000 or even more
Water analysis : Water was collected from Shatt Al-Arab (Different main branches sources), as it is the primary source of animal drinking water
Summary
Water is considered an indispensable nutrient and, it is crucial for animals have access to a sufficient level of good quality water to sustain acceptable production(1). In a very short time, Basrah city has been exposed to a severe fresh water shortage because of low river level, which allowed salt water intrusion that has caused in excess of 100% increased salinity of the Shatt Al-Arab in recent months, as TDS, which is a measure of water purity, rose dramatically from more than 1,000 to approximately 6000 or even more. Anatolia Project (GAP project), is currently completing the building of the Ilisu dam on the Tigris river, which is predicted to very substantially and adversely affect Iraq’s fresh water availability situation. It will decrease freshwater levels in the Tigris river by a significant 25%. Water analysis : Water was collected from Shatt Al-Arab (Different main branches sources), as it is the primary source of animal drinking water.
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