Sodium caseinate-coated and β-cyclodextrin/vitamin E inclusion complex-loaded nanoliposomes: A novel stabilized nanocarrier

Abstract

The aim of the present study was the loading of β-cyclodextrin/vitamin E (βCD/VitE) inclusion complex in liposomes (LPs) and coating of this nanocarrier with sodium caseinate (SC). The formation of βCD/VitE inclusion complex was approved by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Three concentrations of SC (2, 4, and 6 mg/mL) were used for the coating of LPs. By considering particle size, zeta potential, and morphology, the 6 mg/mL concentration of SC was selected as the optimum concentration. The zeta potential and particle size of the coated complex-loaded LPs were +17.90 ± 0.80 mV and 173.9 ± 42.4 nm, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy of the coated complex-loaded LPs showed a spherical and core-shell structure. Additionally, the encapsulation efficiency of VitE in the LPs as the form of βCD/VitE inclusion complex was 83.8 ± 3.7%. The formation of hydrogen-bonding interactions among complex, LPs, and SC was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The coating of LPs with SC significantly improved their thermal stability. Moreover, the coated LPs exhibited a better-sustained release profile than the uncoated LPs in the simulated gastrointestinal condition. In conclusion, the developed nanocarrier has promising advantages and potential applications in the nutraceutical and medical fields.