Abstract
An efficient n-type dopant, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), in tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) thin film has been developed. Doping NaBH4 in Alq3 can significantly enhance the electron injection and transport, which can reduce the applied voltage and improve the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes compared with the referenced device. Using the quartz crystal microbalance test, we demonstrated that NaBH4 decomposes following gas formation during the thermal evaporation process. By calculating the deposited fraction of NaBH4, we concluded that boron and metallic sodium were the main components of the dopant, while gaseous hydrogen formed during the evaporation process. We thus found that, among these two components, metallic sodium is most likely to be the active component of the dopant because of its strong electron donor characteristic.
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