Abstract
Recent investigations with Methanosarcina barkeri elucidated the role of sodium ions in the energy metabolism of methanogenic bacteria and provided evidence for a novel mechanism of energy transduction with Na + as the coupling ion. During methanogenesis from methanol, an eletrochemical sodium gradient generated by a Na +/H + antiporter is used as the driving force for the thermodynamically unfavourable oxidation of methanol to the formal redox level of formaldehyde. During methanogenesis from H 2 + CO 2, the reverse reaction, the reduction of formaldehyde to the level of methanol, is accompanied by a primary, electron transport-driven sodium extrusion. Acetogenesis from H 2 + CO 2 as carried out by Acetobacterium woodii is a sodium-dependent process and is accompanied by the generation of a transmembrane sodium gradient with the reduction of formaldehyde to the level of methanol as the sodium-dependent step.
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