SODIUM AND POTASSIUM INTAKE IN RURAL POPULATION

Abstract

Objective: Our aim was to determine trends in salt and potassium intake in general rural population during the 7.5 years of follow-up and to analyze differences in results obtained using various equations. Design and method: Out of 1582 subjects (random rural sample) enrolled in ENAH study conducted in 2008–2010, 739 were invited for the second visit in 2015 and 377 subjects with reliable both urine samples (urine creatinine in normal ranges) were included in further analyses s (80m 297w; average age 52 ± 13.5). Blood pressure was measured three times (Omron M6) and mean values were calculated. Fasting blood and first morning (spot) urine samples were collected. Sodium and potassium were determined using Tanaka, Kawasaki and Intersalt equations. Potassium intake was further adjusted for intestinal intake (77%) and renal excretion (92%). Optimal, normal, high normal BP, untreated and treated hypertension (HT) were diagnosed in 20.9%, 15.3%, 12.9%, 19.1% and 31.5%, respectively. Results: There were no differences in basal and follow up values of salt and potassium intake (Tanaka: 10.4 ± 2.4 vs. 10.1 ± 2.3; 2.2 ± 0.6 vs.1.9 0.4, respectively, p>0.05) or Na/K ratio (4.3 ± 0.1 vs, 4.6 0.9). Salt intake > 10 g/day and potassium > 3.5 g/day were detected in 56.5% and 3.2%, respectively. Significant difference in salt intake was observed only between OBP and treated HT. The same trends were found using all equations. However, significant differences in salt and potassium intake were observed using different equations (particularly between genders). Conclusions: High salt and inadequately low potassium intake with poor Na/K ratio were found in rural population with no positive trends in 7.5 years of follow-up. Obtained differences in salt and potassium intake using different equations is important finding underlining that method (equation) used in particular study should be taken into account when comparing results among various studies.