Abstract
This study is concerned with the physico-chemical background to the substitution of phosphates in laundry detergents, with special emphasis on combinations of zeolite A with other detergent ingredients, especially water-soluble cobuilders and optical brighteners. The most important action mechanisms of zeolite A / cobuilder systems were investigated for a variety of washing conditions. It is shown that the builder performance of zeolite A is often reinforced by small amounts of water-soluble substances such as polycarboxylates. These detergents are able to compete, in terms of performance, with products containing a high proportion of phosphate. Further, the interaction of zeolite A with fluorescent whitening agents in detergent powders was studied. It is shown that the photophysical properties of a typical optical brightener are negatively influenced by ionic builders and surfactants. In contrast to sodium triphosphate, zeolite A can enhance the appearance of powders even in the presence of anionic surfactants.
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