Sociolinguistic Investigation of Euphemisms in Yorùbá and Ẹ̀dó

Abstract

Euphemisms are an essential lubricant and catalyst for interpersonal communication, used by individuals to deliver complex and somewhat provocative messages in a more placid and thoughtful manner. Therefore, they play a crucial role in social interactions and daily conversations. This study investigates the sociocultural nuances that influence the use of euphemisms among Yorùbá and Ẹ̀dó speakers, as well as how the speakers employ the rewording system to navigate or manage intricate social relationships in culturally sensitive environments, and sustain harmony within their communities. Unlike previous research focusing broadly on African and Nigerian languages, this research uniquely compares the nuanced use of euphemisms among speakers of these specific cultural and linguistic groups. Drawing from Politeness Theory (Brown & Levinson, 1987) and the Connotative Theory of Meaning (Trask, 1999), the study employs an eclectic framework. Qualitative data, gathered through recordings and transcriptions of interviews with adult native speakers, were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that both Yorùbá and Ẹ̀dó languages feature euphemisms characterized by shared traits, yet they also exhibit distinct differences in composition and semantic features. In Yorùbá discourse, euphemisms often take the form of indirect references or metaphors, particularly when discussing sensitive subjects like sexuality, death, or social misconduct. Conversely, Ẹ̀dó speakers tend to employ more direct and straightforward euphemistic expressions. Despite these differences, both cultures share a common emphasis on social hierarchy and respect, using euphemisms as a culturally sanctioned means to delicately broach diverse topics. In all, both cultures prioritise social hierarchy and respect, and euphemisms provide a culturally accepted means of discreetly discussing diverse topics. Overall, This study highlights the significance of euphemisms in facilitating effective communication and nurturing interpersonal relationships within linguistically diverse communities. It enriches our understanding of how language choices reflect and uphold cultural norms, offering insights that contribute to broader discussions on communication strategies and cultural sensitivity.