Socioeconomic status at birth and risk for first episode psychosis in rural Ireland: Eliminating the features of urbanicity in the Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study (CAMFEPS)

Abstract

BackgroundThere is a paucity of research on the relationship between social environment at birth and risk for psychosis in rural settings. This study examined the relationship between individual- and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic indicators proximal to the time of birth and risk for a first psychotic episode in a rural context using a prospective dataset of unusual epidemiological completeness. MethodsA matched case-control design was used. 186 cases were identified from the Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study (CAMFEPS) and 679 age- and sex-matched controls from the same rural setting were identified and analysed for relationships with individual and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic indicators at the level of Electoral Divisions. ResultsWhile neither the distribution nor the ordinal scale of parental social class differed between cases and controls, logistic regression revealed both parental social class III and increasing level of rurality to be associated (p≤0.05) with reduced risk for affective psychosis. There was a prominent relationship (p<0.001) between lower parental social class and older age at first presentation [mean age at first presentation for all psychoses: social class I, 22.8; social class VI, 44.3]. ConclusionsThese findings indicate modest effects of individual- and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic indicators and risk for psychosis by place at birth within a rural environment. Thus, these factors are not confined to large urban settings and apply across the urban-rural continuum. The substantive finding in relation to age at first presentation may indicate that a gradient of socioeconomic position is influential on delay in presentation to mental health services.