Abstract
Purpose: We examined socioeconomic position (SEP) disparities in cardiovascular health before and after an exercise intervention.Methods: Data were from the Examination of Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Weight Compensation (E-MECHANIC) study. Cardiovascular health was measured through a composite score combining body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose. SEP was assessed using a single measure that combined income and education.Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular health between high and low SEP participants. Post-intervention, this difference reached significance.Conclusion: Although cardiovascular health improved for exercise intervention participants, SEP disparities in cardiovascular health persisted during the trial.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.[1]
This study found that the E-MECHANIC exercise intervention effectively improved cardiovascular health for participants regardless of socioeconomic position (SEP)
Our analysis did reveal that differences in cardiovascular health between high and low SEP participants maintained over the course of the intervention with high SEP participants having significantly better cardiovascular health than low SEP participants after the trial
Summary
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.[1]. Research into the factors that influence cardiovascular health has shown that social determinants are relevant for understanding cardiovascular disease risks and outcomes.[2]. Health disparities associated with SEP hold implications for interventions by potentially influencing heterogeneous response among participants. A number of intervention-based studies targeting health improvement have assessed intervention effectiveness according to SEP. Govil et al.[9] examined the effectiveness of the Multisite Cardiac Lifestyle Intervention Program between low and high socioeconomic status (SES) participants. They saw differences in coronary risk factors at the beginning of the study, after the intervention the researchers did not witness differences in response to the intervention between low and high SES participants with both groups improving in coronary risk factors. In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), Wing et al.[10]
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