Socioeconomic Inequality and Student Outcomes in Canadian Schools

Abstract

This chapter examines how income inequality in Canada has contributed to an “achievement gap” between students from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds in Canada. The impacts of socioeconomic inequality in the preschool and elementary years can lead to significant differences in academic achievement between children from affluent and lower income families. The chapter surveys existing research regarding low socioeconomic status and childhood academic outcomes and then explores structural and sociocultural factors associated with socioeconomic achievement gaps. Next, the chapter examines how cultural capital deficits directly affect access to postsecondary education. In conclusion, the chapter discusses some of the evidence-based interventions aimed at eliminating the socioeconomic achievement gap in Canadian schools.