Abstract
SummaryThis individual participant data meta‐analysis assessed the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programmes on body mass index (BMI) across socio‐economic groups and whether study and intervention characteristics explained inequalities in effectiveness. Studies were eligible if they assessed the effect of a workplace health promotion programme on BMI in the Netherlands, included workers of at least two different socio‐economic positions (SEPs) and had a study design with premeasurement and postmeasurement and control condition. Data of 13 studies presenting 16 interventions (5183 participants) were harmonized. In a two‐stage meta‐analysis, the interaction between intervention and SEP on BMI was tested with linear mixed models for each study. Subsequently, the interaction terms were pooled. The influence of study and intervention characteristics on the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programmes was evaluated using meta‐regression analyses. Compared with control conditions, workplace health promotion programmes overall showed a statistically non‐significant 0.12 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.25) decrease in BMI, which did not differ across SEP. Interventions evaluated within randomized controlled trials, agentic interventions, those that focused on high‐risk groups, included a counselling component, consisted of more than five sessions, or were offered at the individual level did statistically significantly reduce BMI. No evidence was found for intervention‐generated SEP inequalities.
Highlights
Large socio-economic inequalities in obesity exist among adults in Western countries.[1]
34 studies with 88 articles out of the 1415 screened articles were considered eligible for the current study of which 21 studies were excluded due to the unavailability of the data (n = 11), the absence of information on body mass index (BMI) as outcome (n = 7), lacking information on socio-economic position (SEP) (n = 1), no response from the corresponding author or other involved researchers (n = 1) or not considering workers from multiple socio-economic groups (n = 1)
Agentic interventions, interventions targeted at high-risk groups, interventions with a counselling component, without an environmental component, more than five sessions and interventions provided at the individual level had a statistically significant reduction in BMI, with betas ranging from −0.19 to −0.32 kg/m2
Summary
This individual participant data meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programmes on body mass index (BMI) across socioeconomic groups and whether study and intervention characteristics explained inequalities in effectiveness. Studies were eligible if they assessed the effect of a workplace health promotion programme on BMI in the Netherlands, included workers of at least two different socio-economic positions (SEPs) and had a study design with premeasurement and postmeasurement and control condition. In a two-stage meta-analysis, the interaction between intervention and SEP on BMI was tested with linear mixed models for each study. The influence of study and intervention characteristics on the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programmes was evaluated using metaregression analyses. Workplace health promotion programmes overall showed a statistically non-significant 0.12 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.25) decrease in BMI, which did not differ across SEP.
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