Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the socio-economic effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) on households with People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Northern Nigeria. The pandemic is devastating and constitutes a serious threat to the socio-economic development of infected, affected, and society at large. This study was qualitative in nature, thus it utilized in-depth interviews to pull together information from the 39 key informants as its method. It is observed that HIV/AIDS occurrence rate has led to poor health, loss of jobs, and a high rate of labour reduction in all sectors, and this has contributed to the tremendous decline of the economy. This study discovered that increased expenses of households with PLWHA on financing funerals, healthcare, and other medical expenditures with decreased investment. Children emerging as head of the households and tasks of caring for orphans are increasingly inconsistent with many other studies. The pandemic has been a serious threat to the social and economic interests and survival of the households with PLWHA and their members. Many lives are lost due to the pandemic. The worst affected group is young people in their productive ages and by implication affects the socio-economic development of PLWHA, their households, and society at large. Thus, households with PLWHA experience numerous forms of stigma and prejudice together with human rights abuse that is detrimental to the total well-being of PLWHA. The dimensions of the stigma can be classified as internalized, community, and social-based. The patterns of managing the challenges of HIV/AIDS-related stigma adopted from the experience of households with PLWHA adopted include isolation, non-disclosure, and loss of follow-up as well as migration. The paper suggested that the government should come up with policies that can take care and support the socio-economic activities of households with PLWHA and also need to introduce policies and procedures for the reduction of stigma and discrimination against households with PLWHA and its members living with the epidemic. Households with PLWHA need to be assisted with medication subsidies to reduce medical expenses and stress on the households’ capitals among other recommendations.
Highlights
Households with People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) are expected to fine-tune their livelihood activities as observed by Ayuwat and Chamarattana (2014) in order for households to adjust themselves to cope with numerous challenges facing them such as work allocation within households and managing debts which are common to households with People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)
It is observed that the annual estimated healthcare expense for PLWHA in Nigeria is $58 per capita; while $7 for HIV negative persons causing inability of infected and affected households with PLWHA to meet up with their socio-economic demands in the country and adversely consequences since the majority of the individual living with the epidemic are in their productive age and households continued to incur increased costs on livelihoods compared to their counterpart whose households members are having the negative status of the epidemic
Households with PLWHA experience numerous forms of stigma and prejudice together with human rights abuse that is detrimental to the total well-being of PLWHA
Summary
Households with People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are expected to fine-tune their livelihood activities as observed by Ayuwat and Chamarattana (2014) in order for households to adjust themselves to cope with numerous challenges facing them such as work allocation within households and managing debts which are common to households with PLWHA. It is observed that the annual estimated healthcare expense for PLWHA in Nigeria is $58 per capita; while $7 for HIV negative persons causing inability of infected and affected households with PLWHA to meet up with their socio-economic demands in the country and adversely consequences since the majority of the individual living with the epidemic are in their productive age and households continued to incur increased costs on livelihoods compared to their counterpart whose households members are having the negative status of the epidemic. As regards the state of affairs of the livelihoods of households with PLWHA in Northern Nigeria, it is noticed that owing to their health challenges or HIV/AIDS status, per capita income losses were estimated at $116 as compared to $21 for the negative individuals per household (Folayan et al 2014; Galadanchi et al 2014; Gardener & Young, 2014, Song, 2013). The consequences of HIV/AIDS on Nigerian households with PLWHA are apparent and having policy relevancies, very small empirical work is known in this area which is of concern in this study
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