Socioeconomic disparities in income, education and geographic location for hypertension among Thai adults: Results from the National Socioeconomic Survey.

Atthawit Singsalasang,Teerasak Phajan,Nattapong Puttanapong,Wongsa Laohasiriwong,Suwanna Boonyaleephan

doi:10.12688/f1000research.12709.1

Atthawit Singsalasang, Teerasak Phajan + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12709.1

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Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HT) has been one of the leading global risk factors for health and the leading cause of death in Thailand for decades. The influence of socioeconomic factors on HT has been varied and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the association between socioeconomic determinants and HT in Thailand. Methods: This study used data from the National Socioeconomic Survey, a cross-sectional study that was conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. In our analysis, data were collected on gender, age, marital status, smoking status, education, status of work, occupation, current liability (short-term debt), household monthly income, residential area, region and previously diagnosed HT by a physician. Results: The odds of having HT were significantly higher among those who had household monthly income, education, residential area and region. The participants who had monthly income of <10001 baht (2005: AOR = 3.19, 95%CI:1.47 - 6.92; 2006: AOR 2.53, 95%CI:1.37 - 4.69; 2007: AOR = 3.35, 95%CI: 1.97 - 7.00), were living in Bangkok compared with the Northeast region (2005: AOR = 1.72, 95%CI:1.37 - 2.17; 2006: AOR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.89 - 3.13; 2007: AOR = 2.63, 95%CI 2.08 - 3.45), lived as an urban resident (2005: AOR= 1.32, 95%CI: 1.12 - 1.56; 2006: AOR= 1.21, 95%CI: 1.02 - 1.43; 2007: AOR= 1.47, 95%CI: 1.18 - 1.62), and finished primary education (2005: AOR =1.21, 95%CI: 1.03 - 1.43; 2006: AOR= 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04 - 1.46; 2007: AOR= 1.18, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.38) when controlling for other covariates. Conclusion: This study indicated that socioeconomic disparity has an influence on HT. Those with low educational attainment, low income, lived in urban regions, and were metropolitan residents (Bangkok) were vulnerable to HT.

Highlights

Hypertension (HT) is one of the top modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide[1,2]
The baseline characteristics of the 16,306 participants in 2005, the 16,539 participants in 2006 and the 16,488 participants in 2007 were as follows: The majority of the participants were women (53.53%, 53.61%, 53.58%, respectively); average ages were 42.23 ± 16.99 SD, 42.56 ± 17.17 SD and 43.04± 17.39 SD years old; most of the participants had monthly household income
The bivariate analysis indicated that gender, age, marital status, smoking status, education, occupation, household monthly income, current liability, residential area and region were significantly (p-value

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension (HT) is one of the top modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide[1,2]. There are factors of socioeconomic status (SES) that are correlated with HT, namely education[6,7,8,9,12,18,19,20], occupation[6,9,15], economic status[17,21,22], income[17,20], and residential area[6,11,15,16]. Hypertension (HT) has been one of the leading global risk factors for health and the leading cause of death in Thailand for decades. Data were collected on gender, age, marital status, smoking status, education, status of work, occupation, current liability (shortterm debt), household monthly income, residential area, region and previously diagnosed HT by a physician.

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