Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES), diet quality and overweight and obesity in adults aged 40–59 years in Inner Mongolia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the survey of Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring in Adults in Inner Mongolia in 2015. Diet quality was evaluated by the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMeds). SES was measured by household annual income. Generalized estimating equations and path analysis were performed to determine the association of SES, diet quality and overweight and obesity. Results: Among participants, 63.0% had overweight and obesity. In high SES group, 66.4% had overweight and obesity. Higher SES was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.352, 95%CI: 1.020–1.793). And higher aMeds was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 0.597, 95%CI: 0.419–0.851). There was a positive correlation between SES and the intake of red and processed meat (r = 0.132, p < 0.05). Higher intake of red and processed meat was associated with lower diet quality (β = −0.34). And lower diet quality was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity (β = −0.10). Conclusion: In Inner Mongolia, during the period of economic transition, people aged 40–59 years in high SES had poor diet quality, which was related to a higher risk of overweight and obesity.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity are risk factors for many chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer [1, 2]
The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased globally which accompanied by severe health damage and lower life quality among people [3]. 2017 Global Burden of Disease study showed that high body mass index (BMI) was the fourth risk factor leading to death [4]
We aimed to explore the relationship of Socioeconomic status (SES), diet quality and overweight and obesity in adults aged 40–59 years in Inner Mongolia, for the purpose of contributing to the effective prevention and control of the overweight and obesity
Summary
Overweight and obesity are risk factors for many chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer [1, 2]. Obesity had a great impact on middle-aged people [5], their lifestyle risk factors (smoking, unhealthy diet, or inadequate physical activity) could significantly increase the risk of chronic diseases in their old age [6,7,8]. The effective control of Socioeconomic Determinants in Overweight/Obesity overweight and obesity among middle-aged people can significantly reduce the incidence of obesity-related chronic disease in their old age [9]. The association between SES and the risk of obesity is negative in high-income countries [11]. In some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), people in high SES suffered a higher risk of overweight and obesity [12, 13]. Among the top 10 countries ranked by obese people number, eight countries were LMICs, including Brazil, China, India, etc., [14]
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