Socioeconomic consequences of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) decline on the purse seiners activity and workers along the Southern Alboran Sea

Abstract

Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) stocks in the Southern Alboran Sea play a pivotal role in the activity of purse seiners, influencing both fishers' income and overall livelihood well-being. This study delves into the decline of Sardina pilchardus stocks, focusing on key ports such as M’diq, Al Hoceima, and Nador. Using a mixed-methods approach, it integrates face-to-face interviews with 120 respondents, including fishers, captains, and owners, alongside an analysis of fishing activity data from 2009 to 2022. The research reveals a substantial decrease in Sardina pilchardus landings, from 13,452.9 tons in 2014 to 687.9 tons in 2022 (-94%), alongside a notable decline in fishing effort and the number of active purse seiners. The contribution of Sardina pilchardus to total landings and its commercial value has also diminished, though it remains significant, contributing on average 30% to annual revenue. Socially, the study highlights an aging fishing population with an average experience of 25 years and a predominantly low level of formal education. Most fishers rely solely on their fishing income, with an average household size of 4 to 5 individuals. Economic analysis shows significant variation in operational costs and revenues, with modest average daily salaries for crew members. Fishermen's perceptions reveal concerns about rising operational costs, extended fishing durations, and income reduction, emphasizing the need for enhanced conservation measures and financial compensation. The findings underline the urgent need for sustainable management practices to ensure the long-term viability of the fishery and the well-being of the fishing community.