Socioeconomic and nutritional aspects of pregnant women assisted by Programa Bolsa Família: cohort NISAMI.

Cinthia Soares Lisboa,Jerusa Da Mota Santana,Djanilson Barbosa Dos Santos,Maria Lúcia Silva Servo,Ana Verônica Rodrigues Silva

doi:10.1590/1413-81232022271.37782020

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the socioeconomic and nutritional assistance factors of pregnant women who are beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program and were attended at a prenatal service in the city of Recôncavo da Bahia. A cohort study was conducted with 250 pregnant women from the prenatal service in 16 Family Health Units from August 2013 to December 2014. A structured and previously tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Socioeconomic and nutritional variables were used. It was identified that the average age was 28.3 years, of these, 85.2% studied until high school, 72.4% of pregnant women reported having income less than or equal to two minimum wages, with a mean of 1,036.3 and 26.8% reported receiving the benefit. It was observed that 40% had a pre-gestational Body Mass Index of overweight, 38% presented adequate weight gain for Gestational Age; 90.57% performed more than 7 consultations and 75.6% reported that they made use of alcoholic beverages or stopped in the gestation. The Bolsa Família Program as an integrated strategy for social inclusion and economic development seems to have a protective effect on the nutritional health of pregnant women in the municipality.

Highlights

The gestation is a highly vulnerable life cycle due to being associated with higher nutritional and metabolic needs
It was observed that 40% had a pre-gestational Body Mass Index of overweight, 38% presented adequate weight gain for Gestational Age; 90.57% performed more than 7 consultations and 75.6% reported that they made use of alcoholic beverages or stopped in the gestation
The characterization of the 250 pregnant women indicates that the average age is 28.3 (SD=5.6), whom 84% studied until high school, having 9.9 average years of study (SD=2.8); 70.8% of pregnant women said their family income is lower than or equal to two minimum salaries, having an average income of 1036.3 reals (SD=586.3), and 28.8% of them claimed to be beneficiary of governmental support, the Programa Bolsa Família (PBF)

Summary

Introduction

The gestation is a highly vulnerable life cycle due to being associated with higher nutritional and metabolic needs In this period, many physical, physiological, and psychological changes that control maternal organic functions occur in the organism to ensure the development of the fetus[1]. The inadequacy of maternal nutritional status in the gestational and pregestational period constitutes a public health issue, as it leads to the occurrence of gestational complications that negatively impact the course of the gestation. Both insufficient and excessive maternal weights are associated with gestational complications and adverse outcomes for both mothers and children. The weight gain of the pregnant woman, being adequate to the pre-gestational weight and the gestational week, positively influences the birth weight of newborns, because, according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems - 10th Review (ICD-10), children born alive weighing 2.500 grams or less are considered to have an unsatisfactory development[3]

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