Abstract
BackgroundThe gender-specific characteristics of individuals at an increased risk of developing depression currently remain unclear despite a higher prevalence of depression in women than in men. This study clarified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of subclinical depression in general Japanese men and women.MethodsStudy participants were residents not receiving psychiatric treatments in 300 sites throughout Japan in 2010 (1152 men, 1529 women). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for socioeconomic factors and lifestyle factors were calculated using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsRisk of depressive tendencies was significantly higher in men who were single and living alone (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.56–6.88) than those married. The risk was significantly lower in women who were not working and aged ≥ 60 years (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22–0.68) and higher in men who were not working and aged < 60 years (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.31–9.72) compared with those who were working. Current smoking was also associated with a significantly increased risk of depressive tendencies in women (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.68–5.22) but not in men.ConclusionsSocioeconomic and lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of depressive tendencies in general Japanese. Related factors were different by sex.
Highlights
Recent studies showed the prevalence of mental disorders in Japan remained stable and treatment rate has increased for those who have moderate disorders in the last decade [1, 2]
We hypothesized that there were differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants to be associated with subclinical depression by sex in general Japanese
Among 3873 participants aged 20 years or older who had a blood test in National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS), 2898 participants (74.6%) agreed to participate in the cohort study, NIPPON DATA2010. They participated in the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) in 2010, which was conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare; data from CSLC 2010 were merged to NIPPON DATA2010 dataset
Summary
Recent studies showed the prevalence of mental disorders in Japan remained stable and treatment rate has increased for those who have moderate disorders in the last decade [1, 2]. The gender-specific characteristics of individuals at an increased risk of developing depression currently remain unclear despite an approximately twofold higher prevalence of depression in women than in men [10, 11]. These characteristics need to be clarified separately by sex, age, and working status in order to formulate effective measures in a super-aging society due to elderly people at high risk [9, 12]. The gender-specific characteristics of individuals at an increased risk of developing depression currently remain unclear despite a higher prevalence of depression in women than in men. This study clarified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of subclinical depression in general Japanese men and women
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