Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors And Social Dynamics Associated With Hiv Prevalence In East Hararge, Ethiopia

Abstract

This paper investigates the association between socioeconomic and demographic factors, social dynamics, and HIV prevalence in East Hararge, Ethiopia, using data from Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Majority of HIV-positive individuals fell within the 19-49 age group, with males having the highest prevalence. Factors like unprotected sex, drug abuse, and limited HIV prevention access contributed to the higher prevalence in this age group. Progress in preventing mother-to-child transmission was evident, as fewer children under 12 had HIV.
 Gender disparity was observed, with males having a higher prevalence, linked to gender-based violence, restricted healthcare access, and social stigma. Most respondents displayed a healthy weight range, reflecting positive nutrition efforts. Higher HIV prevalence among married and divorced individuals might be linked to infidelity and limited prevention access. Targeting young, unmarried individuals could aid in preventing HIV transmission. Lower education levels correlated with higher HIV prevalence, indicating the need for improved prevention education for those with limited formal education. Unemployment and self-employment were associated with increased prevalence, highlighting the impact of poverty and limited access to HIV prevention services. Enhancing formal employment opportunities may aid in HIV prevention and management.  In conclusion, this study highlights the significant impact of socioeconomic and demographic factors, along with social dynamics, on HIV prevalence in East Hararge, Ethiopia. Targeted interventions addressing education, employment, and housing, as well as combating poverty and gender-based violence, are crucial in curbing HIV spread and improving overall well-being in the region.