Abstract
BackgroundPopulation is aging rapidly in Europe. Older age life expectancy (OLE) can be influenced by country-level depth of credit information (DCI) as an indicator of financial crisis, gross national income (GNI) per capita, and gender inequality index (GII). These factors are key indicators of socio-ecological inequality. They can be used to develop strategies to reduce country-level health disparity. The objective of this study was to confirm the relationship between socio-ecological factors and OLE in Europe.MethodsData were obtained from World Bank, WHO, and UN database for 34 Europe countries. Associations between socio-ecological factors and OLE were assessed with Pearson correlation coefficients and three regression models. These models assumed that appropriate changes in country-level strategies of healthy aging would produce changes in GNI per capital as personal perspective, GII in social environment perspective, and DCI in public policy perspective to implement socio-ecological changes. Hierarchal linear regression was used for final analysis.ResultsAlthough OLE (women and men) had significant negative correlation with GII (gender inequality index, r = − 0.798, p = 0.001), it had positive correlations with GNI (gross national income per capita, r = 0.834, p = 0.001) and DCI (depth of credit information index, r = 0.704, p = 0.001) levels caused by financial crisis. Higher levels GNI and DCI but lower GII were found to be predictors of OLE (women and men) (R2 = 0.804, p < 0.001).ConclusionsFactors affecting older age life expectancy in Europe were identified from socio-ecological perspective. Socio-ecological indicators (GII, GNI, and DCI) in Europe appear to have a latent effect on OLE levels. Thus, country-level strategies of successful aging in Europe should target socio-ecological factors such as GII, GNI, and DCI value.
Highlights
Few studies have addressed the relationship between socio-ecological inequality indicators including gross national income (GNI), gender inequality index (GII), and depth of credit information (DCI) caused by financial crisis and Older age life expectancy (OLE) [5, 12, 13, 15]
The objective of this study was to determine correlations of OLE with GNI, GII, and DCI caused by financial crisis and compare them between countries from socio-ecological perspective
Country-level OLE was correlated with GNI, GII, and DCI caused by financial crisis
Summary
Older age life expectancy (OLE) can be influenced by country-level depth of credit information (DCI) as an indicator of financial crisis, gross national income (GNI) per capita, and gender inequality index (GII). These factors are key indicators of socio-ecological inequality. They can be used to develop strategies to reduce country-level health disparity. People in nearly every part of Europe are living longer. Their chance of spending these later years in good health and well-being varies within and between countries [1].
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