Sociodemographic Factors Affecting the Cognitive on Tuberculosis in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that is responsible for millions of deaths annually across the whole world. The disease is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It can spread through the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks or sings releases these bacteria with numerous tiny droplets in the air and people nearby breathe in these bacteria and become infected. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body like the kidney, spine, brain, and many other parts. The present study includes to estimate of the role of many sociodemographic determinants on tuberculosis among the general population of different age groups belonging to both rural and urban areas of district Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A study was done by using a standardized structured questionnaire including various sociodemographic variables such as age, weight, residential area, and worker type like farmers, unemployed, skilled, and nonskilled workers. Data was collected by a random survey of tuberculosis-affected individuals and then data analysis was done to see the effect of chosen sociodemographic variables on the prevalence of the disease tuberculosis. Results: Most affected age group found in the study was 41 to 50 years and young individuals were found at higher risks also. In the case of weight, about 62% of total affected individuals were found underweight category while very less individuals were found belonging to the normal weight category. Further out of the total individuals most affected were approximately 74% from rural areas while the remaining belonged to urban areas. On the basis of occupation, it was found that out of four categories taken in my study as farmers, unemployed, skilled workers, and nonskilled workers, the percentage of affected individuals was approximately 18.4%, 20.4%, 29.6%, and 31.7% respectively. Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains one of the most fatal diseases from ancient times responsible for the highest level of mortalities next to HIV. The government is continuously trying to control the disease by making and issuing various plans and guidelines for this global burden of tuberculosis. Many more efforts are still required for its control. This study reveals that sociodemographic factors play a key role in the prevalence as well as the spread of the disease. It is today's need to update all health professionals, policymakers, patients, and the general public about current trends in the management of tuberculosis and its rapid control.