Sociodemographic drivers influencing the adoption of Breast Self-Examination amongst women in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Breast cancer is a significant public health concern globally, with a disproportionate impact on women in developing countries such as Nigeria. Early detection through practices like Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. Breast self-examination is a valuable tool for early breast cancer detection among Nigerian women. This paper examines the current state of BSE practice among Nigerian women, identifying factors influencing its uptake and exploring strategies for enhancing its implementation. A cross-sectional research study was conducted to assess the socio demographic determinants of uptake of breast cancer screening amongst women in Kaduna state. This study which sampled a total of 254 respondents, out of which a larger proportion (48.8%) of the respondents were between the ages of 25-34 years, reveals that 80.3% of respondents have heard about breast cancer. Amongst screening methods known, BSE is most prevalent with 77.5% (203) and 22% (57) of respondent knowing about BSE and mammography respectively with about 68% being aware of how to conduct Breast Self-Examination. A statistical significance was found between constructs of three selected socio-demographic characteristics - Age (p=0.027), level of education (p=0.000), and health insurance (p=0.000) significantly associated with women’s adoption of breast self-examination. Improving access to quality healthcare, including breast cancer screening and counselling services, is essential to accelerating adoption of BSE. Addressing the complex factors influencing BSE practice requires a comprehensive approach that combines education, community engagement, and reducing the financial barrier to accessing mammography services.