Sociodemographic correlates of discrimination against PLHIV in High HIV prevalence states of India, NFHS 2016–21

Abstract

This study investigates the socio-demographic correlates of HIV discrimination among individuals aged 15–49 years. This study also aims to assess the change in discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV in high HIV prevalence states from 2016 to 2021 using data from the national Demographic Health Survey (4th and 5th). To identify factors associated with discriminatory attitudes, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Further, predicted probabilities and average marginal effects were computed, and the difference in discriminatory attitudes across both rounds was examined using a non-linear Fairlie decomposition. Mass media exposure, improved wealth index, and comprehensive knowledge significantly reduced the discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV. Fairlie decomposition indicated that comprehensive knowledge, knowledge of mother-to-child transmission, and mass media exposure was significant contributor to the differences observed in the discriminatory attitude towards PLHIV across survey rounds. This study emphasizes the importance of spreading accurate information about HIV transmission modes and reinforces existing programmes and policies aimed at reducing stigma and discrimination against PLHIV. These programmes' efficiency and effectiveness can be ensured by linking them with community-level programmes and activities organized by Self Help Groups (SHGs), which have resulted in a paradigm shift in empowering women in India.