Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold,Yohannes Gebreegziabhere Haile,Sisay Mulugeta Alemu

doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0809-6

Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Yohannes Gebreegziabhere Haile + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0809-6

Copy DOI

Abstract

BackgroundDepression is a common comorbidity among patients with type 2 diabetes. There are several reports supporting a bidirectional association between depression and type 2 diabetes. However, there is limited data from non-western countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with co-morbid depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients presenting to Black Lion General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsThis institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a random sample of 276 type 2 diabetic outpatients. Type 2 diabetes patients were evaluated for depression by administering a validated nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Risk factors for depression among type 2 diabetes patients were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultIn total, 264 study participants were interviewed with a response rate of 95.6 %. The prevalence of depression was 44.7 %. In the multivariate analysis, the statistically significant risk factors for depression were monthly family income ≤ 650 (p-value = 0.056; OR = 2.0; 95 % CI = 1.01, 4.2), presence of ≥3 diabetic complications (p-value = 0.03; OR = 3.3; 95 % CI = 1.1, 10.0), diabetic nephropathy (p-value = 0.01; OR = 2.9; 95 % CI = 1.2, 6.7), negative life events (p-value = 0.01; OR = 2.4; 95 % CI = 1.2, 4.5), and poor social support (p-value = 0.001; OR = 2.7; 95 % CI = 1.5, 5.0).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that depression is a common co-morbid health problem with a prevalence rate of 44.7 %. The presence of diabetic complications, low monthly family income, diabetic nephropathy, negative life event, and poor social support were the statistically significant risk factors associated with depression. We presume that the burden of mental health especially depression is high in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus co-morbidity. Therefore, specific attention is needed to diagnose early and treat promptly.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0809-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

Depression is a common comorbidity among patients with type 2 diabetes
The presence of diabetic complications, low monthly family income, diabetic nephropathy, negative life event, and poor social support were the statistically significant risk factors associated with depression
We presume that the burden of mental health especially depression is high in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus co-morbidity

Summary

Introduction

Depression is a common comorbidity among patients with type 2 diabetes. There are several reports supporting a bidirectional association between depression and type 2 diabetes. Other sociodemographic risk factors that were significantly associated with depression in people with diabetes includes age at diabetes diagnosis [8, 9], low socioeconomic status [3, 4, 6, 10], low educational status [1, 3, 4], being unmarried [1, 4, 9], urban dwelling [3], nature of relationship with sexual partners [11], ethnicity/race [12, 13], smoking habits [14,15,16], physical activity [14], sedentary life [8], and unemployment [17]. Found that gender, age, residence, educational status, ethnicity, marital status, employment status, and socioeconomic status had no significant association with depression in diabetes patients [11, 17,18,19]

Objectives

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion