Abstract
BackgroundTo identify and quantify associations between baseline characteristics on hospital admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Spain.Methods and findingsThis retrospective case series included 238 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio (Granada, Spain) who were discharged or who died. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain information on sex, age, personal antecedents, clinical features, findings on physical examination, and laboratory results for each patient. Associations between mortality and baseline characteristics were estimated as hazard ratios (HR) calculated with Cox regression models.Series mortality was 25.6%. Among patients with dependence for basic activities of daily living, 78.7% died, and among patients residing in retirement homes, 80.8% died. The variables most clearly associated with a greater hazard of death were age (3% HR increase per 1-year increase in age; 95%CI 1–6), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.42, 95%CI 1.43–4.09), SatO2/FiO2 ratio (43% HR reduction per 1-point increase; 95%CI 23–57), SOFA score (19% HR increase per 1-point increase, 95%CI 5–34) and CURB-65 score (76% HR increase per 1-point increase, 95%CI 23–143).ConclusionsThe patients residing in retirement homes showed great vulnerability. The main baseline factors that were independently associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were older age, diabetes mellitus, low SatO2/FiO2 ratio, and high SOFA and CURB-65 scores.
Highlights
Since 11 March 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 pandemic, there have been more than 213,000 confirmed cases in Spain and 22,157 deaths, representing a mortality rate of 47 per 100,000 inhabitants [1]
The main baseline factors that were independently associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were older age, diabetes mellitus, low SatO2/FiO2 ratio, and high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and CURB-65 scores
Since 11 March 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there have been more than 213,000 confirmed cases in Spain and 22,157 deaths, representing a mortality rate of 47 per 100,000 inhabitants [1]
Summary
Since 11 March 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there have been more than 213,000 confirmed cases in Spain (as of 25 April 2020) and 22,157 deaths, representing a mortality rate of 47 per 100,000 inhabitants [1]. Different reports on the status of the COVID-19 epidemic published in Spain by the Ministry of Health indicate that this disease is slightly more prevalent in women, in people older than 50 years, and in people with two or more previous illnesses, hypertension (HT) (47.4%), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (32.3%), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (16.1%) [2,3]. Among confirmed cases of infection, 48.7% patients have required hospitalization mainly for pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Men, people older than 60 years, and people with CVD and/or DM are overrepresented [4,5]. In 5% of hospitalized patients, the clinical course progressed to critical status requiring admission to the intensive care unit, and 2.3% have died [7,8]. To identify and quantify associations between baseline characteristics on hospital admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Spain
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