Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and risk factors for mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at alternate care site: a Latin American experience

Abstract

Background The establishment of Alternate Care Sites (ACS) helped the most severely impacted countries expand their response capability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with the mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Alternate Care Site in Mexico City. Patients and methods A monocentric cohort study was conducted at Mexico City’s Temporary Unit COVID-19 (UTC-19). Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment variables were included in the analysis. Results A total of 4865 patients were included, with a mean age of 49.33 years ± SD 15.28 years (IQR 38 to 60 years); 50.53% were women. 63.53% of the patients presented at least one comorbidity, the most frequent being: obesity (39.94%), systemic arterial hypertension (25.14%), and diabetes mellitus (21.52%). A total of 4549 patients (93.50%) were discharged due to improvement, 64 patients (1.31%) requested voluntary discharge, 39 patients (0.80%) were referred to another unit, and 213 patients (4.37%) died. Factors that were independently and significantly associated with death included male gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.60), age ≥ 50 years (OR 14.75), null or low schooling (OR 3.47), have at least one comorbidity (OR 3.26), atrial fibrillation (OR 22.14). In the multivariate analysis, the lymphopenia ≤ 1 × 103/μL (OR 1.91), and having required steroid treatment (OR 2.85), supplemental oxygen with high-flow nasal cannula (OR 3.12) or invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 42.52), was significantly associated with an increased risk of death. Conclusions This study identified the clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at ACS in Mexico City. KEY MESSAGES An Alternate Care Site (ACS) is any building or structure that is temporarily converted or constructed for healthcare use during a public health emergency. Factors associated with death included male gender, age over 50 years, and lower educational attainment (elementary school or less). The findings corroborate the utility of the CALL score as a predictor of mortality; lymphopenia ≤1 × 103/μL was the most relevant biomarker.