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Abstract
Abstract Objective: To determine the sociodemographic and clinical-functional factors related to low levels of physical activity in pre-frail and frail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Method: an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed. The sample consisted of older adults aged 60 years or over with a clinical diagnosis of DM2 who were treated at the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (or HUOL). Sociodemographic and clinical-functional data were evaluated with the following instruments: the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the frailty phenotype. The Chi-square and Mann Whitney tests were used for data analysis. Results: the study sample consisted of 113 individuals classified as pre-frail (52.2%) and frail (47.8%). Low levels of physical activity were verified in 79.6% of the sample. The most closely related variables that showed a statistically significant difference with low levels of physical activity were: years of schooling (p=0.02), social participation (p=0.005), insulin therapy (p=0.02), pain in the lower limbs (p=0.03) and depressive symptoms (p=0.04). Also, significant differences were found between low levels of physical activity and age (p=0.04) and years of schooling (p=0.05). Conclusions: Low levels of physical activity are associated with certain sociodemographic and clinical-functional factors, some of which are modifiable. Identifying these is important for the development of appropriate health interventions for the prevention and treatment of both DM2 and the Frailty Syndrome (FS).
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), a group of illnesses which represent a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality
The study population consisted of older adults living in the metropolitan region of the city of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), Brazil, aged 60 years or older with a clinical diagnosis of DM2 according to criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), of both sexes, referred by the Endocrinology and Geriatrics sectors of the HUOL
The results showed that level of physical activity (LLPA) is present in older adults with low levels of schooling, who do not participate in community activities, do not use insulin, have lower limb pain and depressive symptoms
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), a group of illnesses which represent a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is one of the most prevalent NCDs, corresponding to approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes[1] It is a metabolic, chronic and non-communicable disease that acts in a deleterious manner, generating blood hyperglycemia and causing damage to organs and systems, especially in the cardiac, visual, renal and nervous systems, which leads to morbidity and increased mortality[3]. In addition to DM2, Frailty Syndrome (FS) is a notable chronic disease that occurs with the decline in homeostatic reserve capacity and deficits in resistance to stressors[3] This culminates in susceptibility and the decline of multiple physiological systems[4], which leads to a reduction in the muscle mass of older adults and a chronic inflammatory state, which, when associated with diseases and other extrinsic factors, leads to a reduction in energy reserves and increased physical vulnerability[5]
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