Abstract
The article analyses the prospects of sociodemographic development in the regions of the Central Black Earth economic region in the context of modern challenges and threats. It is noted that demographic processes today are significantly transformed under the influence of a complex of negative factors, including COVID-19 pandemic, special military operation, digitalization, etc. It is noted that these factors are ambivalent for demographic development (they can become a white swan or a black swan for demography). It is not yet clear how they will affect life expectancy, migration, employment, and employability, and the reproductive attitudes of citizens. Everything depends on how the situation develops and how effective the measures, in particular state and municipal policy in the sphere of demographic development, will be.
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