Abstract
Host factors, environmental factors, genetic diversity and distinct phylogeographic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contribute to regional differences in drug resistance. Bangladesh remains among the top 20 high Multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries of the world. This cross sectional study was conducted to identify the socio demographic characteristics and the risk factors contributing Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection. These characteristics and risk factors were further investigated among the clustered isolates. Total 60 culture isolates consist of 40 RR and 20 rifampicin sensitive (RS) isolates were enrolled in this study. Laboratory works were done in National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) and Department of Microbiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All 60 samples were confirmed as MTB by MPT 64 antigen detection. Two samples were excluded for possible cross contamination and two for failing to give PCR product for most of the locus. So, finally 56 samples were further analyzed for results. Four isolates were distributed within two clusters which were belonged to Beijing lineage. Socio demographic data and risk factors analysis of this study found significant male predominance (p = 0.04) with history of smoking (p = 0.01) and previous anti-TB treatment (p = 0.012) as the significant risk factors for RR TB.
Highlights
Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB care and prevention, and remains a major public health concern in many countries
Socio demographic data and risk factors analysis of this study found significant male predominance (p = 0.04) with history of smoking (p = 0.01) and previous anti-TB treatment (p = 0.012) as the significant risk factors for rifampicin resistant (RR) TB
According to this inclusion criterion, all Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture positive samples during this study period were included. These patients were enrolled in this study and were further interviewed for socio-demographic data and risk factors according to a predesigned data sheet which included particulars of the patients, socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and laboratory findings
Summary
Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB care and prevention, and remains a major public health concern in many countries. In 2016, an estimated 4.1% of new cases and 19% of previously treated cases had MDR/Rifampicin resistant TB (RR-TB) [1]. Molecular epidemiology has emerged from a combination of genotyping techniques and conventional epidemiological approaches This new discipline has established as a resource for understanding the issues in the epidemiology of TB. It comprises sources of infection, to quantify recent transmission, linking transmission and factors for transmission, to evaluate reinfection from relapse. It tracks the geographic distribution, clonal expansion of strains [6] and helps to identify major clones in association with multidrug resistance [7]. This study was an effort to identify the socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors contributing recent transmission of PTB infection
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