Abstract
LONDON Chemical Society, November 3.—Dr. Gilbert in the chair.—The following papers were read:—On citraconic and mesaconic ethers arid malic and fumaric acids, by W. H. Perkin. The author has carefully investigated the physical properties of the methylic and ethylic ethers of citra- and metaconic acids. Dr. Gladstone has also measured their refractive indices. The citraconic ethers boil at a higher temperature than the mesaconic ethers, but their specific gravities, magnetic rotatory power, and refractive indices are lower. Only one anhydride can be obtained from maleic and fumaric acids, one from citra- and mesaconic acids, and one from α and β coumaric acids. Maleic anhydride can be obtained directly from malic acid by heating with an excess of acetylie chloride.—On the action of potassium cyanide on bismuthous nitrate, by M. M. P. Muir. A puce-coloured body is formed, Bi7(CN)6O15; by heating with strong potash Bi4O7 is obtained.—On the atomic weight, of bismuth, by M. M. P. Muir. The author has analysed bismuthous chloride, and obtained as a mean atmospheric weight 210.46, but he is not satisfied with the results, and hopes to obtain better numbers by the synthesis of bismuthous iodide.—Additional observations on the halogen salts of bismuth, by M. M. P. Mnir.—Note on the action of sulphuric acid on zinc and tin, by M. M. P. Muir and C. E. Robbs.—On the volumetric estimation of bismuth in the form of oxalate, by M. M. P. Muir and C. E. Robbs.—Note on the influence of water on the reaction between potassium iodide and chlorine, by M. M. P. Muir and R. Threlfall.—Laboratory notes, by M. M. P. Muir. I. Lecture experiment showing the effect of “a” time, “b” temperature, “c” mass. This consists in adding a solution of bismuth iodide in hydriodic acid to-each of three beakers, one containing 100 cc. of cold water, 100 cc. of hot water, and 500 cc. of eoM water. 2. The solution of manganese dioxide and manganese ores in hydrochloric acid is much hastened by potassium iodide. 3. A new method of detecting tin in the presence of antimony: by boiling with metallic copper and testing for stannous salt with mercuric chloride. 4. To detect the haloid acids in presence of nitrous and nitric acids.—On suberone, by R. S. Dale and C. Schorlemmer.—On sulphonic acids derived from isodinaphthyl, by Watson Smith and T. Takamatsu.—On phenyl aphthalene, by Watson Smith and T. Takamatsu.—On dimethylmalonic acid and dimethylbarbituric acid, by L. T. Thome. The author confirms the conclusions arrived at by Conrad and Guthzeit.
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