Abstract

Socialisme ou Barbarie (Socialism or Barbarity) (henceforth S/B) was a libertarian‐socialist group active in France between 1949 and 1966. Named after a phrase by German communist Rosa Luxenburg, S/B was founded by Cornelius Castoriadis (aka Paul Cardan) and Claude Lefort. The group made a deep mark in French radical thought and practice via its publications (the reviews Socialisme Ou Barbarie, Tribune Ouviere , and Povoir Ouviere) and the participation of leading left intellectuals, including Guy Debord, Gérard Genette, Pierre Guillaume, and Jean‐François Lyotard. It influenced the Situationists through Guy Debord, and Daniel Cohn‐Bendit proclaimed that in his interventions during May 1968 he was largely “plagiarizing” S/B views.

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