Abstract
The concept of vulnerability is intrinsically attached to the risks that can affect the balance of life in countless ways. Thus, this paper aimed to determine the sites that present social vulnerability levels in the urban context of the municipalities of Barra do Garcas—MT, Pontal do Araguaia—MT and Aragarcas—GO. The social vulnerability index was calculated using a set of 23 indicators, arranged in 05 subjects: Conditions of breadwinners, family conditions, housing conditions, urban infrastructure and economic dimension. Then these results were inserted in the geographic information system through ARCGIS program for spatial representation of social vulnerability levels. It was found that the social vulnerability indices found for the study area were very low, low and medium, which did not show a very critical situation. In Pontal do Araguaia—MT was found low level of vulnerability. In contrast, in Barra do Garcas—MT, the sectors with greater social vulnerability are located in the western part of the city, which includes neighborhoods with lower family income, and lack of infrastructure. Regarding the Aragarcas city was noted that the socio-territorial segregation of vulnerability is more evident, and the sectors with medium index of vulnerability are located more on the outskirts of the city. The proposed methodology was effective and the socio-economic dimension has been well addressed, which is a diagnostic path that can be used to search for a more efficient urban development through specific public policies, which in turn will increase the resilience of the population involved.
Highlights
It is clear that the urban expansion of Brazilian cities has been characterized by the segregation due to economic and social factors
In Barra do Garcas—MT, the sectors with greater social vulnerability are located in the western part of the city, which includes neighborhoods with lower family income, and lack of infrastructure
The analysis of the dimensions of social vulnerability helped to demonstrate the current picture of the situation of population by census tract, revealing the main ills that affect families in the context of conditions of the breadwinners, family conditions, regarding to family composition, age structure and education, housing conditions, urban infrastructure, and economic situation; presenting the census tracts in which families are met negatively by the overlap of these factors within the socio-environmental vulnerability system
Summary
It is clear that the urban expansion of Brazilian cities has been characterized by the segregation due to economic and social factors This is reflected in territorial spreading represented by the occupations of the peripheries of the cities as well as irregular areas with high environmental vulnerability (riverbanks and hill slopes). It is true that urbanization can have negative effects observed from various angles, including: Environmental degradation, pollution, sealing, overexploitation of natural resources and the growing occupation of risk areas [1]. In this sense, in opposition to what the law provides, part of the population ends up taking areas where formal occupation is not permitted. There is a duality between “legal city”, where public investments are concentrated and the “illegal” city, where quickly dominates the growth of informal occupations in poor and vulnerable environmentally areas [2]
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