Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between social rank and sex-biased maternal investment in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) using reproductive and behavioural data. High-ranking mothers showed a significantly male-biased secondary sex ratio, spent more time in contact with and carried male infants for longer than female infants. Low-ranking mothers showed no bias in secondary sex ratio nor in the time spent in contact with male and female infants, but carried female infants for longer. No differences were observed in the interbirth intervals following male and female infants nor in the frequency and intensity of aggression received by mothers with male and female infants, either in high-ranking or in low-ranking mothers. These results show that Japanese macaque mothers can adopt flexible and rank-dependent rearing strategies.
Published Version
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