Abstract
BackgroundSecondhand smoke (SHS) from partners is a major source of exposure for non-smoking women. However, epidemiological studies have rarely examined social factors associated with continued and indoor smoking among pregnant women’s partners.MethodsWe analyzed data on 6,091 partners of non-smoking pregnant women in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Partners’ age, education, income, workplace SHS exposure (almost never or sometimes, almost every day), and pregnant women’s smoking history (never, quit before pregnancy awareness, quit after pregnancy awareness) were used as social factors. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of social factors with partners’ continued smoking and indoor smoking.ResultsAmong 2,432 smoking partners, 2,237 continued to smoke after pregnancy awareness. Workplace SHS exposure was associated with increased risk of partners’ continued smoking: the odds ratio of workplace SHS exposure almost every day compared with almost never or sometimes was 2.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.52–2.83). Women’s quitting smoking after—but not before—pregnancy awareness was associated with decreased risk of partners’ continued smoking: the odds ratio of women’s quitting after pregnancy awareness compared with never smoking was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.80). About one-third of partners who continued to smoke did so indoors. Older age, lower education, workplace SHS exposure, and women’s quitting smoking after pregnancy awareness were associated with increased risk of partners’ indoor smoking.ConclusionsWorkplace SHS exposure and pregnant women’s smoking history were associated with continued smoking and indoor smoking among partners of non-smoking pregnant women.
Highlights
Growing evidence indicates that secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy has negative consequences on pregnancy and infant outcomes, such as reduced birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies.[1,2,3] As Secondhand smoke (SHS) from partners is a major source of exposure for non-smoking women,[4,5] partners’ smoking cessation is a priority in protecting pregnant women from SHS exposure
As SHS from partners is a major source of exposure for non-smoking women,[4,5] partners’ smoking cessation is a priority in protecting pregnant women from SHS exposure
Among pregnant women, having lower levels of education, higher exposure to SHS, and a smoking partner have been shown to be associated with increased risk of continued smoking,[6] but these associations have not been observed among the general adult population.[7]
Summary
Growing evidence indicates that secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy has negative consequences on pregnancy and infant outcomes, such as reduced birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies.[1,2,3] As SHS from partners is a major source of exposure for non-smoking women,[4,5] partners’ smoking cessation is a priority in protecting pregnant women from SHS exposure If these partners have difficulty with smoking cessation, refraining from smoking indoors is the second-best option.[4,5] To design effective interventions for reducing SHS exposure during pregnancy, it is important to clarify factors associated with continued smoking and indoor smoking among the partners of non-smoking pregnant women. Epidemiological studies have rarely examined social factors associated with continued and indoor smoking among pregnant women’s partners
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