Abstract
There is evidence for the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on healthy behaviours but the effect of social mobility (SM) is not yet well known. This study aims to analyse the influence of origin and destination SES (O-SES and D-SES) and SM on healthy behaviours and co-occurrence, from an integrated gender and age perspective. Data were obtained from the controls of MCC-Spain between 2008–2013 (3,606 participants). Healthy behaviours considered: healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption, non-smoking and physical activity. SM was categorized as stable high, upward, stable medium, downward or stable low. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models were adjusted. Those aged <65, with a low O-SES, D-SES and stable low SM are less likely to have healthy behaviours in the case of both women (physically active: OR = 0.65 CI = 0.45–0.94, OR = 0.71 CI = 0.52–0.98, OR = 0.61 CI = 0.41–0.91) and men (non-smokers: OR = 0.44 CI = 0.26–0.76, OR = 0.54 CI = 0.35–0.83, OR = 0.41 CI 0.24–0.72; physically active: OR = 0.57 CI = 0.35–0.92, OR = 0.64 CI = 0.44–0.95, OR = 0.53 CI = 0.23–0.87). However, for those aged ≥65, this probability is higher in women with a low O-SES and D-SES (non-smoker: OR = 8.09 CI = 4.18–15.67, OR = 4.14 CI = 2.28–7.52; moderate alcohol consumption: OR = 3.00 CI = 1.45–6.24, OR = 2.83 CI = 1.49–5.37) and in men with a stable low SM (physically active: OR = 1.52 CI = 1.02–1.26). In the case of men, the same behaviour pattern is observed in those with a low O-SES as those with upward mobility, with a higher probability of co-occurring behaviours (three-to-four behaviours: OR = 2.00 CI = 1.22–3.29; OR = 3.13 CI = 1.31–7.48). The relationship of O-SES, D-SES and SM with healthy behaviours is complex and differs according to age and gender.
Highlights
Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow up, work and live that affect their values, preferences and access to resources, and their health behaviours and health outcomes [1]
This study aims to analyse the influence of origin and destination socioeconomic status (SES) and social mobility on healthy behaviours, as well as co-occurrence, from an integrated gender and age perspective
This table shows that, regardless of origin and destination SES and social mobility, sex influences all healthy behaviors (p
Summary
Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow up, work and live that affect their values, preferences and access to resources, and their health behaviours and health outcomes [1]. Some of the most important healthy behaviours for management of chronic diseases include a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, the absence of smoking, responsible alcohol consumption and physical activity [3]. It has been observed that populations with a lower SES have more unhealthy behaviours [4,5,6,7,8]. Gender inequalities in health-related behaviours have been found, with alcohol consumption being the most common unhealthy behaviour in men and physical inactivity in women [9]. Taking into account that the worst health indicators are seen in women with a lower SES, it is important to explore how the intersection between these two axes of inequality determines health behaviours [10]
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