Social life cycle assessment of railway track substructure alternatives

Abstract

The sustainable design of infrastructure involves assessing economic, environmental, and social impacts. While significant progress has been made in evaluating economic and environmental life cycle impacts since the Paris Agreement, there's a notable gap in techniques for assessing social aspects in infrastructure design. This study introduces social indicators tailored for evaluating the lifecycle of railway infrastructures. The indicators are applied to assess the social impacts of three common railway track substructure solutions: conventional ballasted track, embedded slab track (BBEST solution), and sleeper-based, ballastless (RHEDA2000) substructure solutions. Using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), the social performance of each alternative is synthesized into a single indicator for comparison. Results indicate that the conventional ballasted track outperforms, scoring 12% higher than BBEST and 61% better than RHEDA in social terms. This is attributed to its reliable capacity for generating high-quality employment and fostering economic activities in the defined product system regions.