Social jetlag and trajectories of mood symptoms and reward responsiveness in individuals at low-risk, high-risk, and with bipolar spectrum disorders: An ecological momentary assessment study

Abstract

A specific type of sleep disruption, social jetlag, involves an incongruence of sleep time between weekends and weekdays. This study investigated relationships between social jetlag and mood symptom lability and trajectories of daily reward responsiveness and mood symptoms. Participants (N = 130) from three groups (moderate reward sensitivity, high reward sensitivity, and high reward sensitivity with a diagnosed bipolar spectrum disorder [BSD]) were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal study based on their self-reported reward sensitivity and a diagnostic interview. For this study, they completed 20 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of reward responsiveness and mood symptoms and a daily sleep diary. Social jetlag was significantly associated with differences in trajectories of depressive symptoms between groups. Specifically, greater social jetlag was associated with a greater increase in depressive symptoms over the 20 days for participants in the high reward sensitivity and BSD groups compared to the moderate reward sensitivity group. Social jetlag also was significantly associated with depressive symptom lability during the EMA period, but this finding was reduced to a trend toward significance when controlling for self-reported sleep duration. The study adds to the literature with methodological strengths including the EMA design and assessment of symptom and reward responsiveness trajectories.