Abstract
To analyze social inequalities in the prevalence of indicators of active aging in the Brazilian older adult population. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 11,177 older adults who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013. We estimated the prevalence of five domains of active aging (social activities, civic engagement, leisure-time physical activity, paid work, and volunteer work) according to gender, ethnicity, schooling, income, and private health insurance. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. The percentage of involvement in organized social activities, civic engagement, and physical activity was 25.1, 12.4, and 13.1%, respectively. Regarding work, 20.7% of the sample had a paid job, and 9.7% participated in volunteer work. Women had a higher prevalence of participation in organized social activities and volunteer work; while civic engagement and paid work were more frequent among men. White people were more likely to participate in social activities, volunteer work, and leisure-time physical activity, explained by their schooling. The strata with a higher level of schooling, income, and who had private health insurance showed a greater incidence of participation in all activities studied. The five activities analyzed are challenging for the proposed policy of active aging, as they are marked by considerable social inequality.
Highlights
Objective: To analyze social inequalities in the prevalence of indicators of active aging in the Brazilian older adult population. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 11,177 older adults who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013
We estimated the prevalence of five domains of active aging according to gender, ethnicity, schooling, income, and private health insurance
Women had a higher prevalence of participation in organized social activities and volunteer work; while civic engagement and paid work were more frequent among men
Summary
Quanto à dimensão da atividade física, apenas 13,1% referiram praticar atividade física de lazer dentro dos níveis recomendados, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Na avaliação segundo raça/cor da pele (Tabela 2), observou-se maior frequência de participação em atividades sociais e em trabalho voluntário na população que se autodeclarou de raça/cor branca, quando comparada à população negra (RP = 1,14 e 1,46, respectivamente). Quanto à participação cívica e ao exercício de trabalho remunerado, as prevalências observadas segundo raça/cor foram semelhantes. A análise do perfil de envelhecimento ativo segundo nível de escolaridade (Tabela 3) revelou que todas as atividades pesquisadas foram significativamente mais prevalentes nos segmentos de maior escolaridade, com destaque para a participação em atividades físicas de lazer dentro dos níveis recomendados e no exercício de trabalho voluntário, cujas prevalências quadruplicaram em relação ao estrato inferior (RP = 4,42 e 4,43; respectivamente).
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