Social Identity and Conflict in Northern Uganda

Abstract

Using social identity theory, this chapter attempts to understand peace, conflict and intergroup relations in post-independent Northern Uganda. Like other former colonies, Uganda is an amalgamation of numerous ethnic groups with a postcolonial history of conflicts, as the different ethnic groups struggle to forge national unity. This chapter argues that a confluence of precolonial ethnic relations, religiosity, a colonial policy of “divide and rule” and postcolonial political dispensation contributed to post-independent ethnic identities and conflicts. Although ethnic identity may be good for group self-esteem, it is also associated with nationalism that has defined intergroup prejudice and conflicts. To forge a common identity and reduce intergroup conflicts, we propose that national leaders should develop strategies to ensure equal opportunities and status for different ethnic groups. These strategies may include promoting intergroup contact and interaction, identifying common goals, constructing a national identity and supporting social and institutional authorities that facilitate ethnic relations.