Abstract

Maritime transport and ports are among the most important linkages between global economies, handling more than 90% of internationally traded goods. Economic importance of maritime transport imposes significant implications on the social and environmental performance of port regions. The paper aims to create composite indices as relevant, scientific-based tools used in comparing and monitoring various aspects of sustainability across 37 sea port regions in seven countries on the European side of the Mediterranean, covering a five-year period from 2014 to 2018. The model encompasses Eurostat and OECD annual NUTS2 level data covering economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Two important indicators of maritime transport activity, maritime transport of freight and maritime transport of passengers, are included within the group of economic indicators. To create composite indices, the multicriteria decision making (MCDM) framework was used as an integrated approach of entropy in the weighting segment, and the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) as an aggregation method. The results highlight GDP per capita and population density as indicators of the greatest relative importance when it comes to port regions sustainability. The ranking results indicate that, despite the fact that Attica is the best ranked region in terms of overall sustainability, the largest number of top rated port regions are in Italy, Spain and France.

Highlights

  • International logistics chains largely depend on maritime transport

  • Di Vaio and associates [40] conducted the assessment of Italian port regions including in the analysis managerial key performance indicators (KPIs), and by applying the Balanced Scorecard model, the results provided the inter-organizational relationships between shipping lines and developing environmentally sustainable and energy efficient ports

  • The indicators referring to maritime transportation Freight loaded and unloaded and Passengers embarked and disembarked are of great importance in the model for assessing the sustainability of port regions, and their weighting coefficients are above the average of the group of indicators that belong to the economic dimension

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Summary

Introduction

International logistics chains largely depend on maritime transport. There has been a significant increase in the volume of international maritime trade, driven by containerization and globalization. Maritime transport of goods represents a rather affordable and clean form of transport, and has primacy over road and air transport [1]. The growth of maritime traffic induces the growth and development of ports, which directly affects the economic development of port regions as well as employment. The most noticeable economic impact of the port was the provision of a large number of jobs. With the development of containerization, there has been a reduction in employment in ports, ports continue to contribute to the overall economy in other forms, primarily through the provision of efficient maritime transport [2]

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