Abstract
Social ecology is a highly dynamic interdisciplinary research field rooted in both social science and natural science traditions. The common denominator of this research field is not so much a shared label but a shared paradigm. The core axioms in this paradigm are that human social and natural systems interact, coevolve over time, with causality pointing in both directions. Social ecology deals with energy and society, land use and food production, the metabolism of societies, and the environmental impacts of human activities. It offers a conceptual approach to society–nature coevolution that integrates historical and current development processes and future sustainability transitions.
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